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In this paper we analyse the Canada-U.S. Auto Pact, a selective trade liberalization agreement which created a duty-free North American market for the major U.S. multinational automobile producers, but continued to protect them from offshore producers. The new international trade/I.O. literature predicts that, given the probable unexploited economics of scale and specialization in the tariff-protected small Canadian economy prior to 1965, rationalization leading to large efficiency gains in Canadian production vis a vis US production would occur in a free trade environment. We estimate that the Auto Pact did not induce a substantial improvement in Canadian relative production efficiency. The missing ingredient seems to have been the competition-increasing effects of free trade in an oligopolistic setting that is emphasized by the new trade/I.O. literature. The Auto Pact did not increase the number of rivals in the oligopolistic Canadian industry since the major players in the industry had production facilities on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border before 1965, and no significant new entry into Canada occurred. In the 1962-64 period, Canadian automotive production was 27% less efficient than U.S. production. By 1970-72 this deficiency had been reduced to 19%, but was not further reduced by the end of the 1970's. Of the 8 percentage points reduction in the Canadian disadvantage, we attribute only 3 percentage points to the rationalization process induced specifically by the Auto Pact.
Automobile industry and trade --- Automobile industry and trade --- Automobile industry and trade --- History. --- Law and legislation --- Law and legislation --- Canada.
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Automobiles --- Automobile industry and trade --- History. --- History.
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Automobile industry and trade --- History. --- Austro Daimler (Firm) --- History.
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Automobile industry and trade --- Automobiles --- Lasers --- Quality control --- Optical methods --- Congresses. --- Design and construction --- Industrial applications
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Commercial policy --- Consumers --- Free trade and protection --- Import quotas --- Automobile industry and trade --- Textile industry --- Politique commerciale --- Consommateurs --- Libre-échange et protectionnisme --- Contingents d'importation --- Automobiles --- Textiles et tissus --- Protection --- Industrie et commerce --- Libre-échange et protectionnisme
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Automobile industry and trade --- Automobiles --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Energy consumption --- Pétrole --- Energie --- Fuel consumption. --- Industrie et commerce --- Consommation --- Industrial economics --- Relation between energy and economics --- Business policy --- United States --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Power resources --- Energy conservation --- United States of America
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629.113 --- Automobile industry and trade --- Automobile industry workers --- Industrial relations --- -#SBIB:316.334.2A524 --- Auto workers --- Automobile construction workers --- Automobile workers --- Capital and labor --- Employee-employer relations --- Employer-employee relations --- Labor and capital --- Labor-management relations --- Labor relations --- Employees --- Management --- Automotive industry --- Motor vehicle industry --- Mechanically powered vehicles. Motor vehicles. Automobile engineering --- Labor unions --- Organisatiesociologie: arbeidssituatie en arbeidsomstandigheden: metaalverwerkende nijverheid --- 629.113 Mechanically powered vehicles. Motor vehicles. Automobile engineering --- #SBIB:316.334.2A524
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Automobile industry and trade --- Automobile supplies industry --- Periodicals. --- Automobile industry and trade. --- Automobile supplies industry. --- United States. --- Automobile accessories industry --- Automobile parts industry --- Automotive industry --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Motor vehicle industry --- AB --- America (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattn --- Saharat ʻAmērik --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené staty americk --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheirice --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígí --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- Spojené obce severoamerick --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Spojené obce severoamerické
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